Unit 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 289
10.1 Classification 290
10.2 Nomenclature 291
10.3 Nature of C–X Bond 293
10.4 Methods of Preparation of Haloalkanes 294
10.5 Preparation of Haloarenes 296
10.6 Physical Properties 297
10.7 Chemical Reactions 299
10.8 Polyhalogen Compounds 317
Unit 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 323
11.1 Classification 324
11.2 Nomenclature 325
11.3 Structures of Functional Groups 328
11.4 Alcohols and Phenols 329
11.5 Some Commercially Important Alcohols 344
11.6 Ethers 345
Unit 12 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 357
12.1 Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group 358
12.2 Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones 361
12.3 Physical Properties 365
12.4 Chemical Reactions 366
12.5 Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones 373
12.6 Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxyl Group 374
12.7 Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids 375
12.8 Physical Properties 379
12.9 Chemical Reactions 379
12.10 Uses of Carboxylic Acids 384
Unit 13 Amines 389
13.1 Structure of Amines 389
13.2 Classification 390
13.3 Nomenclature 390
13.4 Preparation of Amines 392
13.5 Physical Properties 395
13.6 Chemical Reactions 396
13.7 Method of Preparation of Diazonium Salts 404
13.8 Physical Properties 405
13.9 Chemical Reactions 405
13.10 Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds 406
Unit 14 Biomolecules 411
14.1 Carbohydrates 411
14.2 Proteins 420
14.3 Enzymes 425
14.4 Vitamins 425
14.5 Nucleic Acids 427
14.6 Hormones 430
Unit 15 Polymers 433
15.1 Classification of Polymers 433
15.2 Types of Polymerisation Reactions 434
15.3 Molecular Mass of Polymers 442
15.4 Biodegradable Polymers 442
15.5 Polymers of Commercial Importance 443
Unit 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life 447
16.1 Drugs and their Classification 447
16.2 Drug-Target Interaction 448
16.3 Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs 451
16.4 Chemicals in Food 457
16.5 Cleansing Agents 458
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